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Complement, transcription, and sequence analysis
13 bases
Complement (3' → 5')
Reverse Complement (5' → 3')
Human DNA is 99.9% identical between individuals - we differ by only 0.1%
If uncoiled, DNA from one cell would stretch 6 feet - your body has ~37 trillion cells
E. coli bacteria can replicate their entire genome in just 20 minutes
1 gram of DNA can theoretically store 215 petabytes of data
All life on Earth uses the same 4 nucleotides: A, T, G, C (or U in RNA)
GC-rich DNA has a higher melting temperature due to 3 hydrogen bonds vs 2 for AT
PCR can amplify a single DNA molecule to billions of copies in hours
Humans share 60% of their DNA with bananas - genes are universal building blocks