Hardy-Weinberg Calculator

Calculate allele and genotype frequencies in populations

I know:

p (dominant allele freq)

Population Size

Allele Frequencies

p (dominant)

0.6000

q (recessive)

0.4000

p + q = 1.0000

Genotype Frequencies

AA (p²)

36.00%

360 individuals

Aa (2pq)

48.00%

480 individuals

aa (q²)

16.00%

160 individuals

Hardy-Weinberg Equation

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

0.3600 + 0.4800 + 0.1600 = 1.0000

Hardy-Weinberg Facts

📊

Hardy-Weinberg predicts genetic equilibrium when 5 conditions are met

🔬

Real populations never perfectly meet HW assumptions - evolution is always occurring

🦋

Genetic drift violates HW by changing allele frequencies randomly

🌊

Gene flow (migration) introduces new alleles, disrupting equilibrium

🧬

Natural selection favors certain alleles, shifting genotype frequencies

🎲

HW is like a null hypothesis - deviations indicate evolutionary forces

👥

The equation can estimate carrier frequencies for recessive diseases

📈

HW helps forensic scientists calculate expected DNA profile frequencies